Prevalence of Osteoporosis in the Korean Population Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2011

PURPOSE: We analyzed age-related changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and compared with those of U.S and Japanese participants to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were collected in the 2008-2011 in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V to select a representative sample of civilian, noninstitutionalized South Korean population. Bone mineral measurements were obtained from 8332 men and 9766 women aged 10 years and older. RESULTS: BMD in men continued to decline from 3rd decade, however, in women, BMD remained nearly constant until the 4th decade and declined at rapid rate from the 5th decade. The prevalence of osteoporosis in Korea is 7.3% in males and 38.0% in females aged 50 years and older. The prevalence of osteopenia in Korea is 46.5% in males and 48.7% in females, aged 50 years and older. The lumbar spine and femur BMD in Korean females 20 to 49 years of ages was lower than in U.S. and Japan participants. CONCLUSION: There was obvious gender, and age differences in the BMD based on the 2008-2011 KNHANES IV and V, a nationwide, cross-sectional survey conducted in a South Korean population. We expect to be able to estimate reference data through ongoing KNHANES efforts in near future.

The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Behavioral Factors in Korean Adult Men using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: The number of male adults who are treated for osteoporosis has been increasing rapidly over the last 4 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of men has a similar pattern to that of women with BMD, decreasing with increasing age. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, body fat mass and lean body mass. An association between such factors and BMD would suggest that prevention and education would be a helpful approach in treating patients with osteoporosis. We designed this study to reveal the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and several behavioral factors in Korean male adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1038 community-dwelling men over 20 years of age who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2009 were collected from Seoul city and Kyungi province. Bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise, body mass index, total fat mass) were assessed. We estimated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol and exercise status. RESULTS: Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, exercise 1 to 3 times a week, alcohol consumption once a week, body mass index and total lean body mass were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the total femur and femur neck. Age was negatively associated with BMD. Smoking and total fat mass were not associated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, maintaining adequate total lean body mass with regular exercise is as important as maintaining body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in order to prevent osteoporosis in male adults.

The Influence of Sam-Chil-Geun (Panax Notoginseng) on the Serum Lipid Levels and Inflammations of Rats with Hyperlipidemia Induced by Poloxamer-407

PURPOSE: Atherosclerosis is characterized by the progressive deposition of lipids and inflammatory process. We attempted to develop a chemically-induced hyperlipidemic mice model, using poloxamer-407 and evaluated the lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effect of P. notoginseng compared with that of atorvastatin, an antihyperlipidemic drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group without any intervention (normal), poloxamer 500 mg/kg i.p. (P), poloxamer plus atorvastatin 1.34 mg/kg p.o. (P + ST), poloxamer plus P. notoginseng 40 mg/kg p.o. (P + NG40), and poloxamer plus P. notoginseng 100 mg/kg p.o. (P + NG100). After 3 weeks, we measured serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels, and reports of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 & intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) appearances in each group. RESULTS: After 3 weeks, serum cholesterol levels significantly decreased in P + ST and P + NG40 groups. Significant decrease of LDL level was only noted in the P + ST group. P + ST, P + NG40, and P + NG100 also had decreased serum triglyceride levels; however, P + ST and P + NG40 showed no statistical difference of the triglyceride lowering effect. The results of IL-1 and TNF-alpha and the appearance of COX-2 and ICAM were statistically not different in each group. CONCLUSIONS: P. notoginseng 40 mg/kg showed significantly lowering effects on serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. We suggest a well-designed study showing the effects of regulating blood lipids with combined administration of P. notoginseng and statin-drug.

BMI-related Changes in Bone Mineral Density and Predictors of Bone Loss

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia in postmenopausal women may develop due to a sudden decrease of estrogen. In general, women over 60, about 10 years after menopause, are at ris of continuous bone loss. However, many reports reveal that high body weight may have a preventive effect on bone loss. There are few studies that examine the effect of body mass index on bone loss in aged Korean women. The aim of this study was to show the effect of body mass index on bone loss in aged Korean women. METHODS: We evaluated 510 women aged over 60 who visited a health care center of a university hospital in Seoul from January 1999 to December 2004 to determine the effects of body mass index on bone mineral density in aged Korean women. We measured anthropometrical characteristics, BMD of lumbar spine, markers of bone turnover, and FSH of the subjects. RESULTS: The higher body mass index, the greater BMD at lumbar spine. But the levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and deoxypyridinolone had no significant differences. The FSH level was also low in the high body mass index group. The BMI was positively correlated with BMD (P<0.01) by Pearson's correlation matrix. The total alkaline phosphatase also had a significant negative correlation with BMD. The levels of FSH had negative correlation (P<0.01) with BMD. CONCLUSION: Higher body mass index groups showed higher BMD with lower FSH levels. Further prospective studies considering the endocrinologic association with body weight, BMD and FSH level will be needed.